Switzerland

PLA Unit 61398 cyber-espionage group; subject of the 2013 Mandiant APT1 report.

Russian military intelligence cyber-espionage group attributed to GRU Unit 26165.

GRU Unit 74455 destructive-attack and disinformation group.

APT9 (also known as NIGHTSHADE PANDA and Red Pegasus) is a Chinese state-sponsored threat actor engaged in cyber espionage operations primarily targeting organizations in the United States, Japan, South Korea, and across Europe and Southeast Asia. The group focuses on intellectual property and competitive data theft, with a historically strong emphasis on the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, healthcare, and aerospace sectors. APT9 employs a range of intrusion techniques including spearphishing, abuse of valid accounts, exploitation of trusted inter-organizational relationships, and a diverse malware toolkit comprising both publicly available and custom backdoors shared across multiple Chinese APT groups.

Russian-speaking cybercriminal syndicate behind Dridex banking malware and ransomware.

IRGC-affiliated cluster involved in espionage and access brokering.

TA577 (also known as Hive0118) is a financially motivated cybercriminal threat actor active since 2020, operating as an initial access broker and malware distributor with a broad targeting footprint spanning North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East. The group conducts high-volume phishing and malspam campaigns delivering malware payloads—including information stealers and ransomware—across a wide range of sectors such as finance, manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, retail, and professional services. Their primary motivation is financial gain, achieved through deploying ransomware, facilitating data theft, or selling access to compromised networks to downstream threat actors.

Belarusian disinformation and credential-theft cluster aligned with Russian objectives.

Native-English-speaking eCrime collective known for social-engineering helpdesks.